1- Christ said in the Gospel of Matthew (12:39-40):
"An evil and adulterous generation seeks a sign, and no sign will be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah. For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth."
Explanation:
The Prophet Jonah did not die inside the belly of the whale; rather, he was alive throughout the time he spent there.
Based on the metaphor used by Christ, it can be understood that He would be alive during the period when He was "in the heart of the earth," that is, in the grave.
But Christians believe that Christ died on the cross and then rose from the dead three days later.
2. Christ said in Matthew 12:40:
"For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth."
The Problem:
According to the Gospels, Christ was crucified on Friday afternoon and buried before sunset.
He then rose from the dead at dawn on Sunday.
The period between the burial and the resurrection is: Friday night - Saturday day - Saturday night - Sunday morning, which is less than three full days and three nights.
Christian Interpretation:
Jewish Calculation of Days:
According to the Jewish method, any part of a day is counted as a full day. Thus:
Friday (part of the day) = day
Saturday (night and day) = day
Sunday (part of the night and day) = day
With this interpretation, the "three days" are counted in a partial way, not in a literal sense.
Yes, the traditional Jewish calculation is based on the principle that any part of a day is counted as a full day, which is called in exegesis "the comprehensive calculation."
Evidence for this method of calculation:
The Old Testament clarifies this principle.
The Jewish Talmud confirms this.
Does this apply to the resurrection of Christ?
According to the Jewish calculation, Christians can say:
Friday: Any part of the day before sunset is counted as a day.
Saturday: A full day.
Sunday: Part of the day after dawn is counted as a day.
Thus, it can be considered "three days."
Criticism of this interpretation:
Christ did not simply say "three days," but rather "three days and three nights." This is inconsistent with the comprehensive calculation, since the night is not complete.
If Christ knew that the Jews counted this way, why did he add "and three nights"? If he had meant the Jewish calculation, it would have been sufficient to say "three days."
In the story of Jonah, Jonah was in the belly of the whale for three actual days and three nights, not a partial calculation.
Conclusion:
The Christian interpretation is based on the traditional Jewish calculation, but it does not fully resolve the "three nights" issue, making it a matter of debate among commentators.
Some believe there is an error in the chronological interpretation, while others believe the meaning is symbolic rather than literal.
3- The response to those who say that the Prophet Muhammad claimed prophethood in order to obtain a large sum of money, that he donated his share of the spoils to the Muslims, as he said, "I have nothing of this booty, nor this," and he raised two fingers, "except for one-fifth, and the one-fifth is returned to you."
And he lived on little food.
Aisha, may God be pleased with her, said, "The family of Muhammad never ate their fill of barley bread for two consecutive days until the Messenger of God passed away."
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